ABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Animals , Abattoirs , Agriculture , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Farmers , Korea , Livestock , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Phenotype , Prevalence , Red Meat , Staphylococcus aureus , Swine , Tetracycline , ZincABSTRACT
CC398 is a livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus. However, it has also been isolated from humans with no previous contact with livestock. A surveillance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonisation among children attending public day care centres and hospitals in Niterói and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2011 and 2013, resulted in the isolation of six cases of CC398 from individuals with no previous exposure to livestock. These isolates showed a high frequency of the erm(C) gene (4/6, 66.7%) with induced resistance to clindamycin, and a relatively high frequency of SEs and lukS/lukF genes. These results suggest the emergence of a non-LA-CC398 in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Nasal Mucosa/microbiology , Brazil , Child Day Care Centers , GenotypeABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the diversity and molecular characteristics of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in livestock animals, food of animal origin and the environment in the Czech Republic. Methods After having been primarily enriched in buffered peptone water, the samples were cultured on Baird–Parker agar. Presumptive colonies were sub-cultured to blood agar and assessed morphologically. Furthermore, presumptive Staphylococcus aureus colonies were confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Multiplex PCR, spa-typing, and MLST have been used to characterize the strains. Each mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were examined against 14 different antimicrobials by using disk diffusion method. Results In this study, 13 different spa-types belonging to five sequence types (ST) were detected. Ninety four percent of tested strains belonged to CC/ST398 for which t011, t034, t2123 and t2346 were the vast major spa-types. In addition, non-ST398 clones such as CC1(t127), ST5(t3598), ST8(t064) and ST361(t315) were detected, which are known as human associated clones. Conclusions The diversity of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has grown, and detecting lineages of human origin in animals and vice-versa becomes more common. Thus, livestock animal and its products will be a potential for the evolvement of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in human population. Monitoring of pigs as well as other food-producing animal species and their products is therefore recommended.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the diversity and molecular characteristics of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in livestock animals, food of animal origin and the environment in the Czech Republic.@*METHODS@#After having been primarily enriched in buffered peptone water, the samples were cultured on Baird-Parker agar. Presumptive colonies were sub-cultured to blood agar and assessed morphologically. Furthermore, presumptive Staphylococcus aureus colonies were confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Multiplex PCR, spa-typing, and MLST have been used to characterize the strains. Each mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were examined against 14 different antimicrobials by using disk diffusion method.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 13 different spa-types belonging to five sequence types (ST) were detected. Ninety four percent of tested strains belonged to CC/ST398 for which t011, t034, t2123 and t2346 were the vast major spa-types. In addition, non-ST398 clones such as CC1(t127), ST5(t3598), ST8(t064) and ST361(t315) were detected, which are known as human associated clones.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The diversity of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has grown, and detecting lineages of human origin in animals and vice-versa becomes more common. Thus, livestock animal and its products will be a potential for the evolvement of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in human population. Monitoring of pigs as well as other food-producing animal species and their products is therefore recommended.